Human Coronavirus (Excluding SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV2)
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Morphology
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Enveloped viruses 120- 160 nm in diameter, with a positive stranded, capped and polyadenylated
RNA genome that is 27-32 kb in size
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Disease
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Coronaviruses have a worldwide distribution, causing 10-15% of common cold cases.
Infections show a seasonal pattern with most cases occurring in the winter months
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Zoonosis
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None.
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Host Range
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Humans
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Modes of Transmission
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Infection can be transmitted through inhalation of respiratory droplet aerosols; virus
can also be spread via the fecal-oral route, and through fomites
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Signs and Symptoms
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common cold, a self-limiting upper respiratory tract infection. Infection can lead
to a number of illnesses such as bronchitis, gastroenteritis, progressive demyelinating
encephalitis, diarrhea, peritonitis, nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea, sneezing, sore
throat and cough. They can cause more severe lower respiratory tract infection, including
pneumonia in infants, elderly and immunocompromised individuals.
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Infectious Dose
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Unknown.
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Incubation Period
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2-4 days
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Prophylaxis
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None available.
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Vaccines
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None available.
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Treatment
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No specific treatment available, treatment should be supportive
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Surveillance
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Coronavirus infections are not usually diagnosed due to the mild, self-limited nature
of the disease. Research laboratories have used isolation methods, electron microscopy,
serology and PCR-based assays to diagnosis coronavirus infections for surveillance
studies
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MSU Requirements
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Report any exposures
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Laboratory Acquired Infections (LAIs)
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No infections have been reported to date. However, this may be an under-estimate of
the number of incidences as symptoms are nonspecific and self-limiting.
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Sources
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Specimens from the upper or lower respiratory tract, stools. Cultures, frozen stocks,
other samples described in IBC protocol.
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Canadian MSDS
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BMBL
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CDC
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NIH Guidelines
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Risk Group 2
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Agents that are associated with human disease which is rarely serious and for which preventive or therapeutic interventions are often available. |
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BSL2
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For all procedures involving suspected or known infectious specimen or cultures.
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ABSL2
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For all procedures utilizing infected animals.
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Small
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Notify others working in the lab. Remove PPE and don new PPE. Cover area of the spill
with absorbent material and add fresh 1:10 bleach:water. Allow 20 munutes (or as directed)
of contact time. After 20 minutes, cleanup and dispose of materials.
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Large
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Mucous membrane
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Flush eyes, mouth, or nose for 5 minutes at eyewash station.
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Other Exposures
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Wash area with soap and water for 5 minutes.
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| Reporting |
Immediately report incident to supervisor, complete a First Report of Injury form, and submit to Safety and Risk Management.
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Medical Follow-up
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During business hours: Bridger Occupational Health 3406 Laramie Drive. Weekdays 8am -6pm. Weekends 9am-5pm
After business hours: Bozeman Deaconess Hospital Emergency Room 915 Highland Blvd Bozeman, MT |
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Disinfection
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Susceptible to 0.1% sodium hypochlorite, 0.1% organochlorine, 10% iodophore, 70% ethanol
and 2% glutaraldehyde. Resistant to 0.04% quaternary ammonium compound and phenolics
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Inactivation
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Inactivated by moist heat (15 minutes at 121°C)
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Survival Outside Host
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Survives up to six days in aqueous mediums and up to 3 hours on dry inanimate surfaces
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Minimum PPE Requirements
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Lab coat, disposable gloves, safety glasses, closed toed shoes, long pants
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Additional Precautions
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Additioanl PPE may be required depending on lab specific SOPs and IBC Protocol. |